>>> """
================================================
Formatting date ticks using ConciseDateFormatter
================================================

Finding good tick values and formatting the ticks for an axis that
has date data is often a challenge.  `~.dates.ConciseDateFormatter` is
meant to improve the strings chosen for the ticklabels, and to minimize
the strings used in those tick labels as much as possible.

.. note::

    This formatter is a candidate to become the default date tick formatter
    in future versions of Matplotlib.  Please report any issues or
    suggestions for improvement to the github repository or mailing list.

"""
... import datetime
... import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
... import matplotlib.dates as mdates
... import numpy as np
... 
... #############################################################################
... # First, the default formatter.
... 
... base = datetime.datetime(2005, 2, 1)
... dates = [base + datetime.timedelta(hours=(2 * i)) for i in range(732)]
... N = len(dates)
... np.random.seed(19680801)
... y = np.cumsum(np.random.randn(N))
... 
... fig, axs = plt.subplots(3, 1, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(6, 6))
... lims = [(np.datetime64('2005-02'), np.datetime64('2005-04')),
...         (np.datetime64('2005-02-03'), np.datetime64('2005-02-15')),
...         (np.datetime64('2005-02-03 11:00'), np.datetime64('2005-02-04 13:20'))]
... for nn, ax in enumerate(axs):
...     ax.plot(dates, y)
...     ax.set_xlim(lims[nn])
...     # rotate_labels...
...     for label in ax.get_xticklabels():
...         label.set_rotation(40)
...         label.set_horizontalalignment('right')
... axs[0].set_title('Default Date Formatter')
... plt.show()
... 
... #############################################################################
... # The default date formatter is quite verbose, so we have the option of
... # using `~.dates.ConciseDateFormatter`, as shown below.  Note that
... # for this example the labels do not need to be rotated as they do for the
... # default formatter because the labels are as small as possible.
... 
... fig, axs = plt.subplots(3, 1, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(6, 6))
... for nn, ax in enumerate(axs):
...     locator = mdates.AutoDateLocator(minticks=3, maxticks=7)
...     formatter = mdates.ConciseDateFormatter(locator)
...     ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(locator)
...     ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(formatter)
... 
...     ax.plot(dates, y)
...     ax.set_xlim(lims[nn])
... axs[0].set_title('Concise Date Formatter')
... 
... plt.show()
... 
... #############################################################################
... # If all calls to axes that have dates are to be made using this converter,
... # it is probably most convenient to use the units registry where you do
... # imports:
... 
... import matplotlib.units as munits
... converter = mdates.ConciseDateConverter()
... munits.registry[np.datetime64] = converter
... munits.registry[datetime.date] = converter
... munits.registry[datetime.datetime] = converter
... 
... fig, axs = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(6, 6), constrained_layout=True)
... for nn, ax in enumerate(axs):
...     ax.plot(dates, y)
...     ax.set_xlim(lims[nn])
... axs[0].set_title('Concise Date Formatter')
... 
... plt.show()
... 
... #############################################################################
... # Localization of date formats
... # ============================
... #
... # Dates formats can be localized if the default formats are not desirable by
... # manipulating one of three lists of strings.
... #
... # The ``formatter.formats`` list of formats is for the normal tick labels,
... # There are six levels: years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds.
... # The ``formatter.offset_formats`` is how the "offset" string on the right
... # of the axis is formatted.  This is usually much more verbose than the tick
... # labels. Finally, the ``formatter.zero_formats`` are the formats of the
... # ticks that are "zeros".  These are tick values that are either the first of
... # the year, month, or day of month, or the zeroth hour, minute, or second.
... # These are usually the same as the format of
... # the ticks a level above.  For example if the axis limits mean the ticks are
... # mostly days, then we label 1 Mar 2005 simply with a "Mar".  If the axis
... # limits are mostly hours, we label Feb 4 00:00 as simply "Feb-4".
... #
... # Note that these format lists can also be passed to `.ConciseDateFormatter`
... # as optional keyword arguments.
... #
... # Here we modify the labels to be "day month year", instead of the ISO
... # "year month day":
... 
... fig, axs = plt.subplots(3, 1, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(6, 6))
... 
... for nn, ax in enumerate(axs):
...     locator = mdates.AutoDateLocator()
...     formatter = mdates.ConciseDateFormatter(locator)
...     formatter.formats = ['%y',  # ticks are mostly years
...                          '%b',       # ticks are mostly months
...                          '%d',       # ticks are mostly days
...                          '%H:%M',    # hrs
...                          '%H:%M',    # min
...                          '%S.%f', ]  # secs
...     # these are mostly just the level above...
...     formatter.zero_formats = [''] + formatter.formats[:-1]
...     # ...except for ticks that are mostly hours, then it is nice to have
...     # month-day:
...     formatter.zero_formats[3] = '%d-%b'
... 
...     formatter.offset_formats = ['',
...                                 '%Y',
...                                 '%b %Y',
...                                 '%d %b %Y',
...                                 '%d %b %Y',
...                                 '%d %b %Y %H:%M', ]
...     ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(locator)
...     ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(formatter)
... 
...     ax.plot(dates, y)
...     ax.set_xlim(lims[nn])
... axs[0].set_title('Concise Date Formatter')
... 
... plt.show()
... 
... #############################################################################
... # Registering a converter with localization
... # =========================================
... #
... # `.ConciseDateFormatter` doesn't have rcParams entries, but localization can
... # be accomplished by passing keyword arguments to `.ConciseDateConverter` and
... # registering the datatypes you will use with the units registry:
... 
... import datetime
... 
... formats = ['%y',          # ticks are mostly years
...            '%b',     # ticks are mostly months
...            '%d',     # ticks are mostly days
...            '%H:%M',  # hrs
...            '%H:%M',  # min
...            '%S.%f', ]  # secs
... # these can be the same, except offset by one level....
... zero_formats = [''] + formats[:-1]
... # ...except for ticks that are mostly hours, then its nice to have month-day
... zero_formats[3] = '%d-%b'
... offset_formats = ['',
...                   '%Y',
...                   '%b %Y',
...                   '%d %b %Y',
...                   '%d %b %Y',
...                   '%d %b %Y %H:%M', ]
... 
... converter = mdates.ConciseDateConverter(
...     formats=formats, zero_formats=zero_formats, offset_formats=offset_formats)
... 
... munits.registry[np.datetime64] = converter
... munits.registry[datetime.date] = converter
... munits.registry[datetime.datetime] = converter
... 
... fig, axs = plt.subplots(3, 1, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(6, 6))
... for nn, ax in enumerate(axs):
...     ax.plot(dates, y)
...     ax.set_xlim(lims[nn])
... axs[0].set_title('Concise Date Formatter registered non-default')
... 
... plt.show()
...